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Arthurian

Persant

Name in Non-English, or Alternative Name/s

The Blue Knight, Sir Persant of Inde, Persant

Also known as, and/or Titles and Roles

Sir Persant of Inde, The Blue Knight, The Knight of the Colour of Inde, Chief Server at Gareth’s Wedding, Knight of the Round Table

The blue- or indigo-armoured knight Sir Persant of Inde from Arthurian legend, also known as the Blue Knight.

Mythopouch artistic interpretation

The Blue Knight token mark with symbol of shield with castle on Arthurian style coin

Details

British

Regional Information Additional (if applicable)

Arthurian

Region

Category

Person

Historicity (actuality or factual truth of persons, events, and claims)

Legendary

Gender

Male

Time Period

5th-6th centuries CE (mythic period); literary tradition c. 1469-1485 CE

Symbol

Shield with castle

Tags

arthurian, blue-knight, persant, hero, gareth, beaumains, lynette, castle-dangerous, round-table, inde

Introduction - Overview

Sir Persant of Inde is the fourth and final brother encountered by Sir Gareth before Gareth reaches the siege of Castle Dangerous. Malory describes Persant’s pavilion, attendants, horses, shields and spears as being of the colour of Inde, a colour generally represented as deep blue or indigo.

Persant is the lord of a rich city and maintains an elaborate tournament ground in a meadow outside it. Five hundred knights and gentlemen are said to gather around him for jousting, tournaments and other knightly games, although Persant faces Gareth alone.

Their battle lasts for more than two hours and kills both horses. Persant eventually yields and offers Gareth the permanent service of one hundred knights. He provides Gareth with food and rest, warns him about Sir Ironside and becomes one of the first people entrusted with Gareth’s true identity. Persant later becomes a Knight of the Round Table and serves as chief server at Gareth’s wedding.

Gallery

Main Article - Who or What was...

Persant

Sir Persant of Inde is the fourth and final one of the four brothers encountered by Sir Gareth while Gareth travels with Dame Lynette towards Castle Dangerous. His brothers are Sir Percard, the Black Knight; Sir Pertolepe, the Green Knight; and Sir Perimones, the Red Knight who is commonly distinguished in later summaries as the Puce Knight.


Persant is introduced as the lord of a rich and fair city. Between the travellers and the city lies a newly mown meadow filled with pavilions. Malory states that Persant enjoys holding jousts, tournaments and every kind of game suitable for gentlemen, with approximately five hundred knights and men-at-arms gathered around him.


The visual identity of Persant’s camp is the colour of Inde. His pavilion, attendants, horses, horse trappings, shields and spears are all described in that colour. Inde is generally represented in modern retellings as indigo or deep blue, which gives Persant his common title of the Blue Knight.


Despite this colour description, Malory does not provide a biography placing Persant in India or identifying him as an eastern warrior. His title “of Inde” is closely connected to the colour used throughout his pavilion and equipment. It is therefore safer to describe him through that colour identity rather than assigning him an unsupported eastern homeland.


Persant is the last of the perilous encounters before the siege, which is only seven miles away. By this stage, Lynette has finally begun to recognise Gareth’s courage and noble behaviour. She warns him that Persant is an exceptionally powerful and renowned knight, although she also says that even he is not as dangerous as the Red Knight besieging her sister.


When Persant sees Gareth waiting in the field, he sends a messenger to ask whether Gareth has come in war or peace. Gareth replies that Persant may choose for himself. Persant accepts the challenge and rides out to fight him personally rather than sending any of his many followers.


The two knights meet at full speed and shatter their spears into pieces. Their horses crash together so violently that both animals die. Gareth and Persant rise, draw their swords and continue fighting on foot.


The battle lasts for more than two hours. Both shields and coats of mail are badly cut, and both men suffer numerous wounds. Gareth eventually strikes Persant through the side, but Persant continues defending himself for some time. Gareth finally delivers a blow to his helmet that drives him face-first to the ground and prepares to kill him.


Persant yields and asks for mercy. Lynette also asks Gareth to spare him, declaring that it would be a pity for such a noble knight to die. Gareth agrees.


Persant then names the three brothers Gareth has already defeated: Percard the Black Knight, Pertolepe the Green Knight and Perimones the Red Knight. Recognising that Gareth has overcome all four brothers, Persant offers him homage, loyalty and the permanent service of one hundred knights.


Persant takes Gareth and Lynette to his pavilion, where he gives them wine, spices, supper and a place to rest. The following morning he learns that they are travelling to confront the Red Knight of the Red Launds at Castle Dangerous.


Persant warns Gareth that Sir Ironside is the most perilous living knight he knows, is without mercy and is said to possess the strength of seven men. He explains that Ironside has maintained the siege for nearly two years, deliberately prolonging it in the hope that Sir Lancelot, Sir Tristram, Sir Lamorak or Sir Gawain will eventually come to fight him.


Lynette asks Persant to knight Beaumains before the coming battle, but Gareth reveals that Sir Lancelot has already given him knighthood. He then entrusts Persant and Lynette with his secret: his true name is Gareth of Orkney, the son of King Lot and Queen Morgause, the nephew of King Arthur and the younger brother of Gawain, Agravaine and Gaheris.


Persant promises not to reveal Gareth’s identity until Gareth permits it. He then accompanies Gareth and Lynette part of the way towards a hermitage where they can eat and recover before confronting Ironside.


Persant later presents himself and one hundred knights to King Arthur. At Gareth’s wedding to Dame Lionesse, he again arrives with one hundred knights, performs homage and asks to act as the sewer-chief, the medieval officer responsible for arranging and serving the courses of the feast. This can be expressed in modern language as chief server. King Arthur then makes Persant and his two surviving brothers Knights of the Round Table.


Persant continues appearing among Arthur’s knights. He is later one of the ten knights chosen to accompany Queen Guinevere when she rides out for Maying and fights strongly against Sir Meliagrance’s attacking force.

Summary

Sir Persant of Inde is the Blue Knight and the fourth of the four brothers encountered by Sir Gareth. His pavilion, attendants, horses, shields and spears are all described as being of the colour of Inde, generally represented as indigo or deep blue.

Persant fights Gareth for more than two hours before yielding and offering the service of one hundred knights. He shelters Gareth, warns him about Sir Ironside and is trusted with Gareth’s true identity. He later becomes a Knight of the Round Table and serves as chief server at Gareth’s wedding.

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References

Validation References:

- Thomas Malory, Le Morte d’Arthur, Book VII, Chapters XII–XIII, c. 1469–1470 (printed 1485) — primary source; Sir Persant of Inde, his colour-of-Inde pavilion and equipment, his battle and surrender to Beaumains, and Gareth’s revelation of his identity.
- Vulgate Lancelot, 1215-1230 - the colour-coded knight motif and the tradition of knightly guardians on the road
- Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin, 1230-1240 - the Fair Unknown tradition and the testing of the disguised knight
- Loomis, Roger Sherman, The Development of Arthurian Romance (Hutchinson, 1963) - scholarly analysis of the colour-coded knight motif in Arthurian romance
- Loomis, Roger Sherman, Arthurian Tradition and Chretien de Troyes (Columbia University Press, 1949) - scholarly examination of the guardian knight archetype
- Benson, Larry D., Malory's Morte Darthur (Harvard University Press, 1976) - scholarly analysis of Book 7 and the character of the Blue Knight
- R.S. Loomis, "Malory's Beaumains" in PMLA, Vol. 54, No. 3 (1939) - scholarly examination of the adversaries in the Fair Unknown tale
- The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, ed. Norris J. Lacy et al. (Routledge, 2013) - entry on Sir Persant of Inde and the colour-coded knights in Malory

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