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Arthurian

Perimones

Name in Non-English, or Alternative Name/s

The Puce Knight, Sir Perimones, Perimones

Pronunciation

per-ih-MOH-neez

Also known as, and/or Titles and Roles

The Red Knight, The Puce Knight, Lord of the White Tower, Sir Perimones, Chief Butler at Gareth’s Wedding, Knight of the Round Table

The red-armoured knight Sir Perimones from Arthurian legend, commonly distinguished in later summaries as the Puce Knight.

Mythopouch artistic interpretation

The Puce Knight token mark with symbol of shield and tower on Arthurian style coin

Details

British

Regional Information Additional (if applicable)

Arthurian

Region

Category

Person

Historicity (actuality or factual truth of persons, events, and claims)

Legendary

Gender

Male

Time Period

5th-6th centuries CE (mythic period); literary tradition c. 1469-1485 CE

Symbol

Shield with tower

Tags

arthurian, puce-knight, perimones, hero, gareth, beaumains, lynette, castle-dangerous, round-table, tournament

Introduction - Overview

Sir Perimones is the third of four brothers encountered by Sir Gareth during his journey towards Castle Dangerous. Thomas Malory calls him the Red Knight and describes his horse, armour, shield, spear and other equipment as entirely red. Many later summaries distinguish him as the Puce Knight so that he is not confused with Sir Ironside, the separate Red Knight of the Red Launds.

Perimones is lord of a fortified white tower surrounded by two ditches. Fifty shields hang above its gate, and knights and squires have assembled in the meadow below for a tournament planned for the following morning.

Seeing Gareth wearing Sir Percard’s black armour, Perimones initially mistakes him for his brother. When Dame Lynette explains that Gareth killed Percard and defeated Pertolepe, Perimones challenges him. After a two-hour battle, Perimones yields and promises Gareth the service of his knights. He later submits to King Arthur, becomes a Knight of the Round Table and serves as chief butler at Gareth’s wedding.

Gallery

Main Article - Who or What was...

Perimones

Sir Perimones is the third of the four brothers encountered by Sir Gareth while Gareth travels under the name Beaumains. He follows Sir Percard, the Black Knight, and Sir Pertolepe, the Green Knight, and is followed by Sir Persant of Inde, the Blue Knight.


An important distinction is necessary when identifying him. In Malory’s Le Morte d’Arthur, Perimones is called the Red Knight. Malory states that his horse, harness, shield, spear and everything belonging to him were red. The term Puce Knight does not appear in Malory’s text but is commonly used in later summaries to distinguish Perimones from Sir Ironside, the more prominent Red Knight of the Red Launds.


Perimones is lord of a white tower described as being as white as snow, strongly fortified and surrounded by two ditches. Fifty shields of different colours hang above its gate. Below the tower lies a meadow containing knights, squires, scaffolds and pavilions because a great tournament is to be held there the following morning.


From a window in the tower, Perimones sees Lynette, Gareth and Gareth’s dwarf companion approaching. Recognising Gareth as a knight errant, he decides to ride out and joust with him. Because Gareth is wearing Percard’s black armour and riding his horse, Perimones initially believes that the approaching rider is his brother.


Lynette tells Perimones that the rider is not Percard but the kitchen knave called Beaumains. She reveals that Gareth has killed the Black Knight and defeated Pertolepe the Green Knight. Perimones therefore enters the contest with knowledge that he is fighting the man responsible for his brother’s death and defeat.


The two knights charge with all their strength. Both horses fall during the collision, forcing Gareth and Perimones to continue on foot. They draw their swords and fight for approximately two hours, striking, thrusting and wrestling against one another with great force.


Lynette calls out to Perimones and urges him not to allow a supposed kitchen servant to withstand him for so long. Angered by her words, Perimones increases the strength of his attack and wounds Gareth so badly that blood runs down to the ground. Gareth nevertheless continues fighting and eventually strikes Perimones to the earth.


When Gareth prepares to kill him, Perimones asks for mercy. He offers to yield himself and fifty knights to Gareth’s command and forgives him for the death of Percard. As with Pertolepe, Gareth says that the offer is not enough unless Lynette asks him to save the defeated knight. Lynette intervenes, and Gareth spares Perimones.


Perimones invites Gareth and Lynette to remain at his castle for the night. He provides them with hospitality and orders sixty knights to guard Gareth against any treachery or dishonour. The following morning, Perimones and the same company offer Gareth their homage and permanent service. Malory therefore gives two different numbers within the episode: fifty knights in Perimones’s initial offer and sixty in the later guard and formal company.


Gareth accepts their loyalty on the condition that Perimones and his fellowship present themselves to King Arthur when summoned. Perimones agrees and later appears at Arthur’s court with his brothers.


At Gareth’s wedding to Dame Lionesse, Perimones arrives with sixty knights and performs homage. He asks to serve as Gareth’s chief butler at the wedding feast, and Gareth grants him the office. King Arthur then makes Perimones, Pertolepe and Persant Knights of the Round Table.


Perimones later appears among Arthur’s established knights and fights in the wider conflicts of the realm. Near the end of Malory’s work, he and Pertolepe are listed among the knights killed during Sir Lancelot’s rescue of Queen Guinevere.


Perimones must therefore be kept separate from Sir Ironside. Perimones is one of the four brothers, lives at the White Tower, is defeated before Gareth reaches Castle Dangerous and survives by yielding. Ironside is not one of the brothers; he is the Red Knight of the Red Launds who maintains the siege of Dame Lionesse and becomes Gareth’s final opponent.

Summary

Sir Perimones is the third of the four brothers encountered by Sir Gareth. Malory calls him the Red Knight and describes all his equipment as red, while later summaries commonly call him the Puce Knight to distinguish him from Sir Ironside, the separate Red Knight of the Red Launds.

Perimones rules a fortified white tower where a tournament is being prepared. He fights Gareth for approximately two hours before yielding and offering the service of his knights. He later submits to King Arthur, becomes a Knight of the Round Table and serves as chief butler at Gareth’s wedding to Dame Lionesse.

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References

Validation References:

- Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur, Book VII, Chapter X, c. 1469-1470 (printed 1485) - primary source; the third brother called the Red Knight, his joust with Beaumains, and his yield and pledge of fifty men
- Wikipedia, "Red Knight" (Arthurian legend) - confirms Sir Perimones is also known as "The Puce Knight" to distinguish him from Ironside
- Vulgate Lancelot, 1215-1230 - the colour-coded knight motif and the tradition of knightly guardians on the road
- Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin, 1230-1240 - the Fair Unknown tradition and the testing of the disguised knight
- Loomis, Roger Sherman, The Development of Arthurian Romance (Hutchinson, 1963) - scholarly analysis of the colour-coded knight motif in Arthurian romance
- Loomis, Roger Sherman, Arthurian Tradition and Chretien de Troyes (Columbia University Press, 1949) - scholarly examination of the guardian knight archetype
- Benson, Larry D., Malory's Morte Darthur (Harvard University Press, 1976) - scholarly analysis of Book 7 and the colour-coded knights
- R.S. Loomis, "Malory's Beaumains" in PMLA, Vol. 54, No. 3 (1939) - scholarly examination of the adversaries in the Fair Unknown tale
- The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, ed. Norris J. Lacy et al. (Routledge, 2013) - entry on Sir Perimones and the Puce Knight distinction

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