
Details
British
Region Additional (if applicable)
Arthurian
Region
Category
Hero
Gender
Male
Time Period
5th-6th centuries CE (mythic period); literary tradition c. 1469-1485 CE
Symbol
Shield & sword
Tags
arthurian, green-knight, pertolepe, hero, gareth, beaumains, lynette, castle-dangerous, round-table, redemption
Introduction
The Green Knight is the second of the four colour-coded brothers who held the passages to Castle Dangerous, the warrior whose green armour matched the meadows he guarded and whose defeat proved that the kitchen knave called Beaumains was a knight of royal blood. He is Sir Pertolepe, the brother of Percard the Black Knight, Perimones the Red Knight, and Persant of Inde the Blue Knight, the four champions who had made the road to the besieged castle a gauntlet of death for every knight who came to rescue Dame Lionesse. He is the knight who rode out to avenge his brother Percard's death at Beaumains' hand, who fought a fierce battle with Gareth of Orkney, and who, when he was overcome, yielded with honour and swore fealty to King Arthur. He is the converted adversary who became a brother in arms to the very man who had defeated him, who fought beside Gareth at the tournament of Kink Kenadon, and who carved at the feast when Gareth married Lionesse. And he is the reminder that not every knight who bars the road is a villain, that some fight only for custom or for family honour, and that the truest test of a knight is not the enemies he kills but the enemies he turns into friends.
Gallery
Who or What was...
The Green Knight - Sir Pertolepe
Sir Pertolepe was the second son of the noble house that held the four perilous passages to Castle Dangerous, the stronghold where Dame Lionesse was besieged by the Red Knight of the Red Lands, the tyrant Sir Ironside who had hanged nearly forty knights from the trees around her walls. His elder brother, Sir Percard, held the Black Launds and had been killed by Beaumains, the kitchen knave who was in truth Gareth of Orkney, Arthur's nephew. Pertolepe held the Green Launds, the green meadows and forest roads that were the second barrier, and he wore all-green harness from helm to heel, a green shield, and green trappings for his horse, so that when he rode out he looked like a figure of the spring itself, armed and dangerous. He was a knight of great strength and reputation, known at Camelot as one of the most formidable champions on the road, and when he learned that his brother had been slain by a kitchen boy, he armed himself and rode out to avenge the death.
When Lynette, the sharp-tongued damsel who was sister to the besieged lady, rode with Beaumains through the Green Launds, Pertolepe blocked their path and demanded to know whether this was the knight who had killed Percard. Lynette answered with her usual scorn, declaring that her champion was indeed the kitchen knave who had slain the Black Knight, and that he would slay Pertolepe too if the Green Knight did not let them pass. Pertolepe was enraged by the death of his brother and by the insolence of the damsel, and he told Beaumains that he would prove whether a scullion could truly defeat a knight of honour. The two prepared to joust, and their spears were ready.
The duel was longer and more terrible than the fight with Percard had been. Pertolepe was fresh and furious, while Gareth had already fought the Black Knight and was weary. They came together with spears, and the shock of their meeting was so great that both horses were brought to their knees. They fought on foot with swords, and Pertolepe struck Gareth such blows that the young knight's armour was dented and his shield was split. But Gareth, who had the blood of the house of Orkney in his veins and the strength of a man who had trained for a year in silence, pressed forward with a fury that matched the Green Knight's own. At last Gareth struck Pertolepe a blow that brought him down, and stood over him with sword raised, ready to kill him as he had killed Percard.
But Pertolepe was not Percard. He looked up at Gareth and yielded, asking for mercy and swearing that he would become a knight of King Arthur's court and serve the fellowship of the Round Table. Gareth, whose heart was gentler than his arm, spared him and made him swear upon his sword that he would ride to Camelot and tell the king of Beaumains' deeds. Pertolepe kept his oath. He rode to Arthur's court, told the story of his defeat and his brother's death, and was received into the fellowship. He became a loyal knight of the Round Table, and his friendship with Gareth grew so deep that when Gareth married Lionesse, Pertolepe served as one of the carvers at the wedding feast, the knight who had once barred the road now cutting meat for the celebration of love.
Pertolepe's redemption was complete. He fought beside Gareth at the tournament of Kink Kenadon, where Gareth proved his worth before the whole court, and he was present at the small dinner party that Queen Guinevere, the wife of King Arthur, held for her favourite knights. He even appears among the knights who tried to heal Sir Urre, the wounded Hungarian knight who could only be cured by the touch of the best knight in the world, a quest that would ultimately prove Lancelot's supremacy. In the broader Arthurian tradition, the Green Knight is an archetype that appears in many tales, most famously as the supernatural challenger in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the giant who could survive beheading and who tested Sir Gawain's honour at the Green Chapel. But in Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, Pertolepe is the Green Knight of the Green Launds, the second brother who yielded where his elder had died, and whose conversion proved that the kitchen knight's strength was matched only by his mercy.
Summary
The Green Knight endures as the second trial in the most famous kitchen-to-knighthood tale in Arthurian legend, the green-armoured brother who avenged his fallen sibling and found a new brother in the man who defeated him. From the Green Launds to the wedding feast of Gareth, from the sword he yielded to the oath he swore, Pertolepe's story is the reminder that the road to Camelot is paved with converted enemies. He is the knight who learned that a scullion's mercy can be greater than a king's wrath, and that the green of spring can grow even from the blood of battle.
Tags: green-knight, pertolepe, arthurian, hero, gareth, beaumains, lynette, castle-dangerous, round-table, redemption
References
Validation References:
- Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur, Book VII, Chapters VIII-IX, c. 1469-1470 (printed 1485) - primary source; the Knight of the Green Launds, the duel with Beaumains, Pertolepe's yield and conversion
- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, c. 1370-1400 (anonymous, West Midlands dialect) - primary source; the supernatural Green Knight motif (distinct from Pertolepe but part of the same archetype)
- Vulgate Lancelot, 1215-1230 - the colour-coded knight motif and the tradition of knightly guardians on the road
- Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin, 1230-1240 - the Fair Unknown tradition and the testing of the disguised knight
- Loomis, Roger Sherman, The Development of Arthurian Romance (Hutchinson, 1963) - scholarly analysis of the colour-coded knight motif in Arthurian romance
- Loomis, Roger Sherman, Arthurian Tradition and Chretien de Troyes (Columbia University Press, 1949) - scholarly examination of the guardian knight archetype
- Benson, Larry D., Malory's Morte Darthur (Harvard University Press, 1976) - scholarly analysis of Book 7 and the character of the Green Knight
- R.S. Loomis, "Malory's Beaumains" in PMLA, Vol. 54, No. 3 (1939) - scholarly examination of the adversaries in the Fair Unknown tale
- The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, ed. Norris J. Lacy et al. (Routledge, 2013) - entry on the Green Knight and the colour-coded knights in Malory
- Brewer, Elisabeth, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Sources and Analogues (Boydell Press, 1992) - analysis of the Green Knight archetype across Arthurian traditions
Meta Description: Discover the Green Knight, Sir Pertolepe, the second colour-coded brother who yielded to Beaumains and became a Knight of the Round Table in Arthurian legend. | Mythopouch
